Question: What Is Subsistence Hunting Explained

A subsistence hunt refers to the practice of harvesting wild animals by either communities or individuals primarily for their own sustenance and for local trade. This type of hunting is distinct in that it does not involve the pursuit of profit through external markets, making it primarily a means of meeting basic dietary needs and supporting local economies. This concept is well-documented in various studies (Fa 2000; Pérez-Gil et al. 1995; Ramírez-Barajas and Naranjo 2007; Santos-Fita et al. 2013), shedding light on its significance in sustaining both individuals and local communities.

Subsistence living refers to the condition where individuals possess only the essential resources required to sustain their basic needs and maintain their existence, without any surplus. It involves having just enough financial resources or food to ensure survival, and typically does not encompass additional income or provisions beyond the bare necessities. For instance, financial assistance is designed to offer a fundamental level of subsistence and is not meant for individuals who already have other sources of income. An example illustrating subsistence living is a family living at the subsistence level, where they have access to just enough money and food to meet their vital requirements for survival.

Subsistence activities encompass a range of essential practices that individuals or communities engage in to sustain themselves and meet their basic needs. These activities primarily revolve around securing food, crafting traditional goods, and offering various services vital for survival. Some illustrative examples of subsistence activities encompass:

1. Hunting: Pursuing and capturing wildlife for sustenance, which often involves tracking, trapping, or shooting game animals for meat.

2. Gathering: The act of collecting edible plants, fruits, nuts, and other natural resources from the environment to supplement one’s diet.

3. Farming: Cultivating crops and raising livestock to produce food and other agricultural products. This includes activities such as planting, tending to crops, and animal husbandry.

4. Traditional Food Preparation: Skillfully preparing and cooking indigenous or culturally significant dishes, often passed down through generations, using locally available ingredients.

In addition to these primary subsistence activities, people may engage in various other services and trades necessary for their well-being, such as crafting traditional goods, providing healthcare, or offering educational services. These activities collectively form the foundation of self-sufficiency for individuals and communities, ensuring they can meet their fundamental needs and preserve their cultural heritage.